Sustainable Development Goal 10

Reduce inequality within and among countries

SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities

Reduce inequality within and among countries

In order to reduce inequality in the FSM, the Government has prioritized three indicators relating to per capita income of the bottom 40 percent, labor and remittances under (SDG Goal 10).

Target 10.1

By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average

Indicator 10.1.1: Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population

Metadata for indicator 10.1.1 can be downloaded here

Target 10.2

By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status

Indicator 10.2.1: Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities

Metadata for indicator 10.2.1 can be downloaded here

Target 10.3

Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard

Indicator 10.3.1: Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law

Metadata for indicator 10.3.1 can be downloaded here

Target 10.4

Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality

Indicator 10.4.1: Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers

Metadata for indicator 10.4.1 can be downloaded here

Target 10.5

Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations

Indicator 10.5.1: Financial Soundness Indicators

Metadata for indicator 10.5.1 can be downloaded here

Target 10.6

Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions

Indicator 10.6.1: Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations

Metadata for indicator 10.6.1 can be downloaded here

Target 10.7

Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies

Indicator 10.7.1: Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of yearly income earned in country of destination

Metadata for indicator 10.7.1 can be downloaded here

Indicator 10.7.2: Number of countries that have implemented well-managed migration policies

Metadata for indicator 10.7.2 can be downloaded here

Target 10.A

Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements

Indicator 10.A.1: Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff

Metadata for indicator 10.A.1 can be downloaded here

Target 10.B

Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes

Indicator 10.B.1: Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)

Metadata for indicator 10.B.1 can be downloaded here

Target 10.C

By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent

Indicator 10.C.1: Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology

Metadata for indicator 10.C.1 can be downloaded here

Goal 10 Assessment

In order to reduce inequality in the FSM, the Government has prioritized three indicators relating to per capita income of the bottom 40 percent, labor and remittances under (SDG Goal 10).

  • However, ownership of this goal by the departments is not known as it does not fit within an individual Departments mandate. It has been assumed that the NSO would calculate the indicators and publish in its annual year book.
  • 10.1.1: Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population This indicator could be calculated from HIES that is collected periodically by the national Statistics Office
  • 10.4.1: Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers The indicator could be calculated from current available data
  • 10.C.1: Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted Administrative sources of remittances is provided by money transfer agencies, and computed using HIES proxy to get the dis-aggregation. The agencies provide in lump sum, agencies are not obliged by any law or policy to provided segregated components.
Progress on Goal 10
  • Labour share of GDP comprising wages and social protection transfers has remained stagnant and in some states declined. According to data available for 2005-2009, the labour share was 47.5 percent and in 2015, it was 47.1percent; in Kosrae, Chuuk and Pohnpei, there was a slight decline while in Yap the share remained the same.
  • Whilst there has been an increase in the out flow of remittances from 14.8 percent in 2015-2016 to 15.2 percent in 2017, data on the cost of remittance is not available.
    • Policy issue
    Requirement for money transfer agencies to provide dis-aggregated components for remittances
GOAL 10Baseline Trend201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202820292030
TARGETSINDICATORS2005-20092010-2015
10.1 10.1.1 Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population FSM**-n.a.n.a.n.a.
YAPn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
CHUUKn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
POHNPEIn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
KOSRAEn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
Poorest quintile in national consumption (Proxy for income inequality)FSM8.5n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
YAPn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
CHUUKn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
POHNPEIn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
KOSRAEn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
10.210.2.1 Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilitiesFSM**-n.a.n.a.n.a.
YAPn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
CHUUKn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
POHNPEIn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
KOSRAEn.a.n.a.-n.a.n.a.n.a.
10.410.4.1 Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfersFSM47.547.1n.a.n.a.n.a.
YAP40.140.3n.a.n.a.n.a.
CHUUK38.938.3n.a.n.a.n.a.
POHNPEI53.749.1n.a.n.a.n.a.
KOSRAE60.051.7n.a.n.a.n.a.